心肺复苏术挽救生命? 专家说，这是小孩子的把戏

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对一些人来说，六年级的学生承担起拯救生命的责任似乎有点年轻. 莱利小丑 and her classmates in Laramie, Wyoming, would disagree.

去年秋天, 莱利和拉勒米中学的一些同学在附近的怀俄明大学接受了心肺复苏术培训. 他们在人体模型上练习, 听了一些有助于设定节奏的歌曲，看了一段关于一个女孩使用心肺复苏术救她父亲的视频.

他们了解到，做胸外按压“比你想象的要难”，这位12岁的孩子说. "But we all figured out that we could all save someone."

心肺复苏术专家说她完全正确. 而且一点也不觉得她太年轻, they say 心肺复苏 training can be valuable for people not only her age, 但是对于年轻得多的学生来说.

“我认为学习心肺复苏术应该像系鞋带和过马路前向两边看一样基本,艾利克·马修斯说, 布法罗的注册护士和心肺复苏术教练, 纽约.

每年在美国, the 美国心脏协会 estimates that roughly 350,000名不在医院的人心脏骤停, 心脏突然停止跳动. 心肺复苏, if performed immediately, can double or triple a person's odds of survival. But only about 40% of people receive bystander 心肺复苏.

考虑到大约72%的成人心脏骤停发生在家中，而大约80%的儿童发生在家中，“通常第一个证人实际上可能是一个孩子,”医生说。. 里奥斯码头, 他是爱荷华市爱荷华大学的急诊医学博士和急诊医学副教授.

但年仅4岁的儿童可能是心脏骤停后“生存链”的一部分, 德尔里奥斯说. 她与人合写了一份2023年国际复苏联络委员会关于心肺复苏术的科学声明，题为“孩子拯救生命."

德尔里奥斯说 that a 4-year-old can learn that if they see someone collapse, 他们可以叫自己的名字，检查自己的呼吸. “然后下一步是拨打911，涉及紧急医疗服务尽快.幼儿园年龄的儿童可以按照自动体外除颤器的指示进行操作, 哪一种能使心脏恢复正常的节律.

Learning how to do chest compressions can come later. “到他们10岁的时候, 11, 12, there might be enough body strength to deliver the right depth and rate,德尔里奥斯说. 胸外按压应至少2英寸深，每分钟100 - 120次.

除了学习立即有用的技能, 德尔里奥斯说, 对幼儿的训练灌输了态度，使他们长大后更有可能采取行动.

"The idea is really to turn bystanders into rescuers,她说.

Del Rios likened the training to teaching young students how to "stop, drop and roll" when a person's clothes or hair catches fire.

“当你小时候学习东西的时候, you're more likely to carry that on throughout your life,她说. ”,因此, just as we may teach kids how to wash their hands before dinner or load the dishwasher, this is just another task that if you learn early on, you're more likely to continue doing that throughout your life."

然而，孩子们并不认为训练是一件苦差事，马修斯说，他和所有年龄段的人一起工作. 他遇到的孩子们都“全力以赴”."

“他们喜欢参与，”他说. 他们喜欢问一些关于“如果”的问题，“因为孩子们的思想无处不在。. 他们很有想象力. And this is oftentimes their first real exposure to this material."

Matthews believes that a youthful mindset might even help kids in a real crisis. Rather than stopping to think things through or awaiting formal instruction, 他们可能更有可能采取行动, 他说. “他们一有机会就打911." And that, 他说, "can make a lot of difference in saving a life."

心肺复苏 classes do need to be tailored to children, 他说. "You really want to make things extremely simple and direct for kids. 你要给他们大量的线上电子游戏飞禽走兽让他们亲自参与，让他们参与其中.“如果你一直跟他们说话，”他说，“他们会觉得无聊，然后睡着，然后走开。. But as long as you keep them involved, they are very responsive."

It helps to adjust the playlist for teaching the proper rhythm for compressions. Disco-era students might know that the Bee Gees' "Stayin' Alive" works, but Matthews and his team have a separate playlist for the young ones. “到目前为止，最受欢迎的是《线上电子游戏飞禽走兽》.'"

Kids and teens also make excellent champions for training. Matthews and Del Rios both said that when they teach community events, it's often the kids who pull the rest of the family in.

适合年龄较大的儿童和青少年, 为了社交媒体的缘故，马修斯经常被要求拍摄他们行动的照片和视频.

"This generation of kids loves to work together and just be known," 他说. Some show up for class just because they thought it would be something cool to post, 他们最终学习并分享了它. 在那之后，更多的孩子加入了这个班."

德尔里奥斯在芝加哥的一所高中领导了一项研究，该研究表明，每个教过心肺复苏术的九年级和十年级学生最终平均会教另外五个人. 其他研究人员也发现了类似的结果. 越来越多的州要求高中进行心肺复苏术培训, 她说, 这种“乘数效应”可能成为“传播心肺复苏术知识的一种非常强大的工具”."

In Wyoming, 莱利's school benefited in just that way.

体育老师安妮·摩尔说，莱利是拉勒米中学被选中参加该校“健康儿童综述”的六名学生之一. Students from across the state spent a day learning healthy activities, 从做零食到玩匹克球. 然后, 他们和老师一起为他们学校的家庭健身之夜选择最好的体验.

当摩尔问拉勒米学院的学生，他们最感兴趣的是复制哪项活动时, 每个人都立刻告诉她, “‘我们必须做心肺复苏!’”她说。. 这是No. 他们清单上的第一件事."

莱利 said 心肺复苏 hadn't been a priority for anyone until their university experience. “然后我们就想，‘哦，学习心肺复苏术实际上比你想象的要重要得多.'" They thought friends and family members might be just as interested.

The event they created drew 300 to 400 people, Moore said. It featured hands-only 心肺复苏 training from local firefighters, who volunteered to help. 学校还观看了美国最著名的心脏骤停幸存者制作的视频, 布法罗比尔队的达玛尔·哈姆林, 在2023年1月的NFL比赛中晕倒的人.

拉勒米觉得自己和团队有联系. “我们是布法罗比尔队的忠实球迷,摩尔说, because quarterback Josh Allen was a star at the university. 莱利说，她爸爸和哥哥当时正在看“周一晚间橄榄球”比赛，哈姆林在心脏停止跳动后不得不被救活.

莱利, who's interested in becoming a pediatrician or other type of doctor, 她希望自己永远不用做心肺复苏术. But if the need arises, 莱利 said she and her classmates are ready.

“我们知道我们足够强大，可以做到这一点，”她说. “所以我们知道我们可以拯救一个人."

摩尔说，多亏了大学的帮助，计划在春天再举办一次心肺复苏术活动.

德尔里奥斯说，这是为了接触更多的学生, schools need just that kind of support – from governments, emergency management services and community and philanthropic organizations. Most states now require students to learn 心肺复苏 before high school graduation.

她说，年轻的热情肯定有助于提高旁观者成为救援者的几率.

德尔里奥斯说，孩子们应该得到更多的信任. "This is empowering them with the possibility of saving a loved one."