用于治疗心力衰竭的药物

Studies have shown that several classes of drugs are best to treat heart failure.

The goal of heart failure treatment is to help you live a longer, better quality life. 用药物治疗心力衰竭可以减轻疲劳、呼吸急促和肿胀. It also helps improve your energy level so you can be physically active. 药物可以阻止或减缓疾病的进展，即使你没有任何迹象或症状. Heart failure patients can need multiple medications. 每一种治疗不同的症状或促成因素，并有自己的指导和规则.

您和您的护理人员应该与您的医疗团队合作，了解药物以及何时使用, 多长线上电子游戏飞禽走兽服用一次，剂量是多少. Take your medications exactly as prescribed. 在没有和你的医疗团队商量的情况下，不要改变你服用的剂量或线上电子游戏飞禽走兽. If they change your dose, ask why the change might be needed. Always tell your health care professionals about all medications you’re taking, 包括非处方药, 补品或草药.

下面的列表让你快速了解许多治疗不同阶段心力衰竭的典型药物. Your prescription might have a different name from the ones listed here. 在美国，每种药物的通用名称后面的括号中显示了常用的品牌名称.

下载药物追踪器(PDF)

*本节总结了一些常用的心脏衰竭药物的主要类型. 供参考, 我们列出了通用名称和主要商品名称，以帮助您确定您可能服用的药物. However, the AHA is not recommending or endorsing any specific products. If your prescription medication isn’t on this list, 记住，你的医疗保健专业人员和药剂师是你最好的信息来源. 与你的医疗保健专业人员讨论你服用的所有药物，了解它们的预期效果和可能的副作用是很重要的. 在没有咨询你的医疗保健专业人员之前，不要停止服药，不要改变你的剂量或频率.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

ACE inhibitors and ARBs lower blood pressure by widening blood vessels. This reduces the workload of the heart and helps keep heart failure from getting worse.

Commonly prescribed ACE inhibitors include:

• 卡托普利(开博通)
• 依那普利等
• Fosinopril (Monopril)
• 赖诺普利
• 培(Aceon)
• Quinapril (Accupril)
• 雷米普利(Altace)
• Trandolapril (Mavik)
• 贝那普利
• Moexipril

常用的arb包括:

• 坎地沙坦(Atacand)
• 洛沙坦(科素亚)
• 缬沙坦(代文)等等

Angiotensin-receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs)

ARNIs are a drug combination of a neprilysin inhibitor and an ARB. Neprilysin是一种酶，它可以分解体内打开狭窄动脉的天然物质. 限制neprilysin的作用会增加这些物质的作用，并改善动脉开放和血液流动, reduces sodium retention and decreases strain on the heart. 常用的arni包括:

• Sacubitril /缬沙坦(Entresto)

I_f 通道阻断剂(或抑制剂)

这类药物可以降低心率，类似于另一类被称为受体阻滞剂的药物. Commonly prescribed I(f) channel blockers include:

• Ivabradine (Corlanor)

Beta blockers (also known as beta-adrenergic blocking agents)

Commonly prescribed beta blockers include:

• 醋丁洛尔
• 阿替洛尔(Tenormin)
• 倍他洛尔(比索)
• 卡维地洛(Coreg)
• 磷酸卡维地洛(Coreg CR)
• 拉贝洛尔(Trandate)
• Metoprolol succinate (Toprol XL and Kapspargo Sprinkle)
• 酒石酸美托洛尔(降压药)
• Nadolol (Corgard)
• Nebivolol (Bystolic)
• 心得乐(Visken)
• Propranolol (Inderal, Inderal LA, and InnoPran XL)

SGLT-2抑制剂

钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂改善血糖控制，降低体重和血压. This drug class was developed to treat diabetes, but it has been found to help people with heart failure. Commonly prescribed SGLT-2 inhibitors include:

• Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
• Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)

醛固酮拮抗剂

Commonly prescribed aldosterone antagonists include:

• 螺内酯(螺内酯)
• Eplerenone(普利酮)

肼嗪和硝酸异山梨酯

These medications are a type of vasodilator, which widens blood vessels. 当血管扩张时，血液流动更容易，心脏也不需要那么辛苦地工作.

These medications can be used with ACE inhibitors and ARBs. Or, they can be used alone if you can’t use the other medications. 一些血管舒张药, 比如硝酸盐(硝化甘油), 硝酸异山梨酯), mainly make the veins bigger but also dilate coronary arteries. Others (hydralazine) work mostly on the arteries.

如果你的血压很高，或者你的症状使你无法进行日常活动，你可能需要服用两种血管扩张剂.

Research has shown that these medications, 当加入标准疗法时, 可以降低死亡率和住院率，特别是非洲裔患者的生活质量.

这些药物可以作为两种单独的药物(肼嗪和硝酸异山梨酯)开处方。, or as a single pill containing both medications (Bidil).

利尿剂(也称为水丸)

这种药物的作用是:

• Causes the body to rid itself of excess fluids and sodium through urination.
• 有助于减轻心脏的负荷.
• 减少肺部和身体其他部位(如脚踝和腿)的积液. Different diuretics remove fluid at varied rates and through different methods.

常用处方包括:

• 呋喃苯胺酸(Lasix)
• 布美他尼(Bumex)
• Torsemide (Demadex)
• 氯噻嗪(氯噻嗪)
• Amiloride (Midamor Chlorthalidone, Hygroton)
• Hydrochlorothiazide or HCTZ (Esidrix, Hydrodiuril)
• Indapamide (Lozol)
• 美托拉宗(Zaroxolyn)
• 氨苯蝶啶(Dyrenium)

Other medications that might be prescribed

你的医疗保健专业人员也可能会根据你的其他健康问题开一些不太常用的药物. 这些药物包括:

• 抗凝血剂(*血液稀释剂):如果您是心力衰竭患者并心房颤动或有其他心脏问题，可能会开这些药物. Anticoagulants are used in heart failure patients in the presence of atrial fibrillation, 人工心脏瓣膜, or in people at high risk for blood clots. They help prevent blood clots from forming and blocking blood flow. Clots may form in the legs, lungs or heart. If a clot breaks off and gets stuck inside a blood vessel that supplies the heart or brain, 可能导致心脏病发作或中风.
• 降胆固醇药物(他汀类药物):如果你有高胆固醇或心脏病发作，你的医疗保健专业人员会给你开这类药物. This class of drugs is not used to treat heart failure but other conditions as indicated. 它们有助于防止斑块的形成，从而有助于降低心脏病发作和中风的风险.
• 地高辛:这种药物可以用来增强心脏的泵送作用，降低过快的心率. The level of digoxin in the body must be monitored using a blood test. 如果血液中积聚了太多, 可能会产生副作用, 包括食欲不振, 恶心想吐, 呕吐和头痛. The heart rhythm can also become too fast or too slow. 请务必立即向您的医疗保健专业人员报告本药物的任何副作用. 一些心力衰竭患者可能会开这种药来改善肾脏的血液流动，如果卫生保健专业人员认为有必要的话.
• ccb(钙通道阻滞剂)影响钙在心肌收缩中的作用. 这样可以让肌肉放松, which can help control high blood pressure and improve blood circulation in the heart.
• 钾有助于控制心律，对神经系统和肌肉的正常工作至关重要. Diuretic use can remove potassium from the body, so potassium supplements may be needed to replace what’s lost.
• Oxygen therapy delivers concentrated oxygen to the lungs. This helps increase the amount of oxygen that can get into the blood. 氧疗可以改善呼吸短促，提高人的体力活动能力.

其他用药信息:

• 下载我们的药物追踪器(PDF)
• 进一步了解这些药物如何影响心脏衰竭以外的心血管疾病.